The latter is commonly measured in W⋅sr −1⋅nm −1. Radiant intensity per unit frequency or wavelength. Radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit solid angle. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅nm −1. Radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. Longwave radiation flux divergence also plays a role in the formation of fog. The cooling associated with the divergence of longwave radiation is necessary for creating and sustaining lasting inversion layers close to the surface during polar night. Longwave flux is a product of both downwelling infrared energy as well as emission by the underlying surface. As it is the main energy source of most weather phenomena, the solar shortwave radiation is used extensively in numerical weather prediction. This shortwave radiation, as solar radiation, can have a profound impact on certain biophysical processes of vegetation, such as canopy photosynthesis and land surface energy budgets, by being absorbed into the soil and canopies. Shortwave flux is a result of specular and diffuse reflection of incident shortwave radiation by the underlying surface. The ratio of irradiance reflected to the irradiance received by a surface is called albedo. ![]() Flux emitted from a surface may be called radiant exitance or radiant emittance. When radiative flux is incident on a surface, it is often called irradiance. Radiative flux also acts as a generalization of heat flux, which is equal to the radiative flux when restricted to the infrared spectrum. It is used in astronomy to determine the magnitude and spectral class of a star and in meteorology to determine the intensity of the convection in the planetary boundary layer. Radiative flux, also known as radiative flux density or radiation flux (or sometimes power flux density ), is the amount of power radiated through a given area, in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m 2. ![]() Amount of power radiated through a given area
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